"brón" meaning in Old Irish

See brón in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈbɾoːn/
Etymology: From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root. Etymology templates: {{inh|sga|cel-pro|*brugnos||sadness, pain}} Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”), {{der|sga|ine-pro||*gʷruHǵʰ-nó-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó- Head templates: {{head|sga|noun|||genitive|bróin|||||no plural|||-||{{{pl2}}}||{{{pl3}}}|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} brón m (genitive bróin, no plural), {{sga-noun|m|bróin|-}} brón m (genitive bróin, no plural) Inflection templates: {{sga-decl-o-masc|bróin}}, {{sga-decl-noun|acc_du=brón+L|acc_du2=|acc_du3=|acc_pl=brónu+H|acc_pl2=|acc_pl3=|acc_sg=brón+N|acc_sg2=|acc_sg3=|class=o-m|dat_du=brónaib|dat_du2=|dat_du3=|dat_pl=brónaib|dat_pl2=|dat_pl3=|dat_sg=brón+L|dat_sg2=|dat_sg3=|gen_du=brón|gen_du2=|gen_du3=|gen_pl=brón+N|gen_pl2=|gen_pl3=|gen_pl4=|gen_sg=bróin+L|gen_sg2=|gen_sg3=|n=|nom_du=brón+L|nom_du2=|nom_du3=|nom_pl=bróin+L|nom_pl2=|nom_pl3=|nom_sg=brón|nom_sg2=|nom_sg3=|voc_du=brón+L|voc_du2=|voc_du3=|voc_pl=brónu+H|voc_pl2=|voc_pl3=|voc_sg=bróin|voc_sg2=|voc_sg3=}}, {{sga-mutation}} Forms: bróin [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], brón [nominative, singular], brón [dual, nominative], bróin [nominative, plural], bróin [singular, vocative], brón [dual, vocative], brónu [plural, vocative], brón [accusative, singular], brón [accusative, dual], brónu [accusative, plural], bróin [genitive, singular], brón [dual, genitive], brón [genitive, plural], brón [dative, singular], brónaib [dative, dual], brónaib [dative, plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], brón [mutation, mutation-radical], brón [lenition, mutation], mbrón [error-unrecognized-form, mutation]
  1. sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden Tags: masculine, no-plural Derived forms: brónach (english: sorrowful, grieving, sad)
    Sense id: en-brón-sga-noun--zI9RHH4 Categories (other): Old Irish entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "brón"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "bròn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*brugnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/brugnos"
    ],
    [
      "*bruginos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bruginos"
    ],
    [
      "*broginos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/broginos"
    ],
    [
      "*brognos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/brognos"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷrewHǵʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷrewHǵʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*-nós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰreg-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreg-"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*brugnos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sadness, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷruHǵʰ-nó-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mbrón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "no plural",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "-",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "bróin",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "bróin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bróin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "brón+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "brón+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "brónaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "brónaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "brón+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "brón",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "brón+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "bróin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "brón+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "bróin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "brón",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "brón+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "bróin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "sorrowful, grieving, sad",
          "translation": "sorrowful, grieving, sad",
          "word": "brónach"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "\"brón caích bad brón dúibsi\" glosses flete cum flentibus"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"ni far mbrón si ...\" glosses contristati"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"in brón\" glosses mestitudinem"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden"
      ],
      "id": "en-brón-sga-noun--zI9RHH4",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "lamentation",
          "lamentation"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "no-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɾoːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brón"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "sorrowful, grieving, sad",
      "translation": "sorrowful, grieving, sad",
      "word": "brónach"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Irish",
      "lang_code": "ga",
      "word": "brón"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "lang_code": "gd",
      "word": "bròn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*brugnos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/brugnos"
    ],
    [
      "*bruginos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bruginos"
    ],
    [
      "*broginos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/broginos"
    ],
    [
      "*brognos",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/brognos"
    ],
    [
      "*gʷrewHǵʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷrewHǵʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*-nós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós"
    ],
    [
      "*bʰreg-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰreg-"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*brugnos",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sadness, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷruHǵʰ-nó-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-decl-o-masc",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Masculine o-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bróin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brónaib",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sga-mutation",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "brón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "lenition",
        "mutation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mbrón",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "mutation"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "10": "",
        "11": "no plural",
        "12": "",
        "13": "",
        "14": "-",
        "15": "",
        "16": "{{{pl2}}}",
        "17": "",
        "18": "{{{pl3}}}",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "genitive",
        "6": "bróin",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "bróin",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)",
      "name": "sga-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bróin"
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-o-masc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "acc_du": "brón+L",
        "acc_du2": "",
        "acc_du3": "",
        "acc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "acc_pl2": "",
        "acc_pl3": "",
        "acc_sg": "brón+N",
        "acc_sg2": "",
        "acc_sg3": "",
        "class": "o-m",
        "dat_du": "brónaib",
        "dat_du2": "",
        "dat_du3": "",
        "dat_pl": "brónaib",
        "dat_pl2": "",
        "dat_pl3": "",
        "dat_sg": "brón+L",
        "dat_sg2": "",
        "dat_sg3": "",
        "gen_du": "brón",
        "gen_du2": "",
        "gen_du3": "",
        "gen_pl": "brón+N",
        "gen_pl2": "",
        "gen_pl3": "",
        "gen_pl4": "",
        "gen_sg": "bróin+L",
        "gen_sg2": "",
        "gen_sg3": "",
        "n": "",
        "nom_du": "brón+L",
        "nom_du2": "",
        "nom_du3": "",
        "nom_pl": "bróin+L",
        "nom_pl2": "",
        "nom_pl3": "",
        "nom_sg": "brón",
        "nom_sg2": "",
        "nom_sg3": "",
        "voc_du": "brón+L",
        "voc_du2": "",
        "voc_du3": "",
        "voc_pl": "brónu+H",
        "voc_pl2": "",
        "voc_pl3": "",
        "voc_sg": "bróin",
        "voc_sg2": "",
        "voc_sg3": ""
      },
      "name": "sga-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "sga-mutation"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Irish",
  "lang_code": "sga",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Irish lemmas",
        "Old Irish masculine nouns",
        "Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns",
        "Old Irish nouns",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
        "Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "\"brón caích bad brón dúibsi\" glosses flete cum flentibus"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"ni far mbrón si ...\" glosses contristati"
        },
        {
          "text": "\"in brón\" glosses mestitudinem"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grief",
          "grief"
        ],
        [
          "lamentation",
          "lamentation"
        ],
        [
          "distress",
          "distress"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "no-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɾoːn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "brón"
}

Download raw JSONL data for brón meaning in Old Irish (5.6kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
  "path": [
    "brón"
  ],
  "section": "Old Irish",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "brón",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Irish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.